This is for metering a specific part of the subject or scene. The metering is weighted at the center covering about 3.8% of the viewfinder area.
2) Center Weight Metering
The metering is weighted at the center and then averaged for the entire scene.
3) 3D Matrix/ Evaluative Metering
This is an all-around metering mode suited for portraits and even backlit subjects. The camera sets the exposure automatically to suit the scene.
Different metering can be used to draw attention to the different focal point in the photo.
The above was shot using spot metering on the light blub. Notice now the whole lamp is well exposed but the surrounding seems under-exposed. The beauty of using spot metering is that it draws the attention directly to be subject/object in the photo.
The above was shot using center-weighted metering. Basically in, the camera does the calculation of the exposure based on the middle portion in focus in the viewfinder. Subsequently, it uses this calculation to average out the overall exposure for the whole picture. However, in this case, since there is a brighter spot in the center of the picture, the original contrast between the lighted and unlit part of the image is quite high, the center-weighted metering is not very useful in achieving a overall balanced exposure for the whole picture.
A 3D matrix metering was used for the above picture. Unless the center-weighted metering, the 3D matric metering actually takes into account the exposure of the varies parts of the picture and takes and average of everything exposed. This allows a even and balanced exposure for the whole picture taken.
Although the 3D matric metering does not have the dramatic effect as produced by spot-metering, it ensures that all subjects in the picture are well exposed.
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